Breaking myths: Understanding epilepsy on International Epilepsy Day

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions, affecting millions of people worldwide. However, despite its prevalence, epilepsy is often misunderstood, leading to myths and misconceptions that contribute to stigma and misinformation. On this International Epilepsy Day, Busamed’s Dr Manyoni aims to shed light on the realities of epilepsy, debunk common myths, and promote a better understanding of this condition.

Understanding Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes recurring seizures due to sudden electrical disruptions in the brain. It can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or background. There are over 60 types of seizures, each presenting differently—some people experience brief moments of confusion, while others may have full-body convulsions.

Seizures can occur when a person is awake or asleep and may not always involve shaking or jerking movements. Many individuals with epilepsy lead full and active lives with proper management, but misconceptions about the condition continue to create barriers for those affected.

Myths vs. Facts

MYTH 1: All seizures involve shaking and jerking.

FACT: Not all seizures cause a person to shake or lose consciousness. Some people may appear vacant, confused, or briefly lose awareness without any visible movements. Different types of seizures affect people in different ways.

MYTH 2: Flashing lights trigger seizures in everyone with epilepsy.

FACT: While some people with epilepsy are sensitive to flashing lights (a condition known as photosensitive epilepsy), this only affects around 5% of people with epilepsy. Other common seizure triggers include lack of sleep, stress, and certain medications.

MYTH 3: You should restrain someone having a seizure or put something in their mouth.

FACT: Never restrain a person having a seizure or put anything in their mouth. This can cause serious injury. Instead, follow seizure first aid: stay calm, cushion their head, and call for medical help if necessary.

MYTH 4: The only effects of a seizure are tiredness and confusion.

FACT: While many people feel tired or confused after a seizure, epilepsy can also impact memory, sleep, and mental health. The effects vary from person to person.

When to call an ambulance

In most cases, seizures stop on their own, and emergency medical help is not needed. However, you should call an ambulance if:

• It is the person’s first seizure.
• The seizure lasts longer than usual (or more than 5 minutes).
• One seizure follows another without recovery in between.
• The person is injured or has trouble breathing after the seizure.

How to help during a seizure

If you see someone having a seizure and don’t know them, follow these three simple steps:

1. Calm – Stay calm and take control of the situation.
2. Cushion – Place something soft under their head to prevent injury.
3. Call – Call an ambulance if needed (following the guidelines above).

Misinformation and fear often lead to discrimination against people with epilepsy. By spreading awareness and understanding, we can help create a more inclusive and supportive society. This International Epilepsy Day, let’s challenge the myths, share the facts, and stand in solidarity with those living with epilepsy.

If you or a loved one has epilepsy, remember that you are not alone. With the right medical care, support, and awareness, epilepsy can be managed, and those affected can lead fulfilling lives.