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Reducing the Risk of Stroke

October 29, 2024

Reducing the Risk of Stroke - featured image

According to the Heart and Stroke Foundation South Africa, stroke affects thousands of South Africans each year, with an alarming incidence among younger populations. However, the good news is that many strokes are preventable. Here’s how you can reduce your risk.

Understanding stroke

A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, leading to brain cell damage. There are two main types: ischemic strokes, caused by a blockage in blood vessels, and haemorrhagic strokes, resulting from bleeding in or around the brain. Recognising the symptoms of a stroke, such as sudden weakness, confusion, trouble speaking, or severe headache, is vital, as prompt medical attention can save lives.

Several risk factors contribute to the likelihood of experiencing a stroke. Understanding these is the first step toward prevention:

High Blood Pressure: Hypertension is the most significant risk factor for stroke in South Africa. Regular monitoring and management are essential.

Diabetes: This condition increases the risk of stroke due to its impact on blood vessels. Managing blood sugar levels through diet and medication is crucial.

High Cholesterol: Elevated cholesterol can lead to the buildup of fatty deposits in blood vessels, raising stroke risk. A healthy diet can help manage cholesterol levels.

Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the likelihood of hypertension, diabetes, and other conditions associated with stroke.

Sedentary Lifestyle: Physical inactivity contributes to many of the risk factors above. Regular exercise is key to maintaining a healthy weight and blood pressure.

Smoking and Alcohol: Tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption significantly increase stroke risk.

Steps to Reduce Stroke Risk

Maintain a Healthy Diet: Focus on whole foods, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Reducing salt intake can also help lower blood pressure.

Limit Processed Foods: South Africa faces challenges with high levels of processed and sugary foods. Opt for fresh, local produce when possible.

Stay Active: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise each week. Activities can include walking, cycling, swimming, or even gardening. Encourage family and community activities to promote a culture of physical wellness.

Regular Health Check-ups: Monitor blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar regularly, especially for those with a family history of stroke. Consult healthcare professionals for personalized risk assessments and management plans.

Quit Smoking and Limit Alcohol: Seek support for quitting smoking. Numerous resources are available in South Africa, including helplines and community programmes. If you consume alcohol, do so in moderation — this means no more than one drink per day for women and two for men.

With focused efforts on healthy lifestyle changes and increased awareness, we can empower ourselves and our communities to combat this preventable condition. By prioritising our health and encouraging others to do the same, we can significantly reduce the impact of stroke in South Africa and save lives.

Dr. Ashleigh Bhanjan

Dr. Ashleigh Bhanjan

Neurologist
Busamed Gateway Private Hospital

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